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[[File:Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in maize.png|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|Enzymes, biosynthetic intermediates and subcellular location of the pathway are indicated.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
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The biosynthesis of [[DIMBOA|benzoxazinone]], a cyclic hydroxamate and a natural [[insecticide]], has been well-characterized in [[maize]] and related grass species.<ref name=Frey97>{{cite journal|last=Frey|first=M |author2=Chomet, P |author3=Glawischnig, E |author4=Stettner, C |author5=Grün, S |author6=Winklmair, A |author7=Eisenreich, W |author8=Bacher, A |author9=Meeley, RB |author10=Briggs, SP |author11=Simcox, K |author12=Gierl, A|title=Analysis of a chemical plant defense mechanism in grasses.|journal=Science|date=Aug 1, 1997|volume=277|issue=5326|pages=696–9|pmid=9235894|doi=10.1126/science.277.5326.696}}</ref> In maize, genes in the pathway are named using the symbol ''bx''. Maize Bx-genes are tightly linked, a feature that has been considered uncommon for plant genes of a biosynthetic pathways. Especially notable are genes encoding the different enzymatic functions BX1, BX2 and BX8 and which are found within about 50 kilobases.<ref name=Frey97 /><ref name=Frey95>{{cite journal|last=Frey|first=M|author2=Kliem, R |author3=Saedler, H |author4= Gierl, A |title=Expression of a cytochrome P450 gene family in maize.|journal=Molecular & General Genetics|date=Jan 6, 1995|volume=246|issue=1|pages=100–9|pmid=7823905|doi=10.1007/bf00290138|s2cid=29908288}}</ref> Results from [[wheat]] and [[rye]] indicate that the cluster is an ancient feature.<ref name=Nomura03>{{cite journal|last=Nomura|first=T|author2=Ishihara, A |author3=Imaishi, H |author4=Ohkawa, H |author5=Endo, TR |author6= Iwamura, H |title=Rearrangement of the genes for the biosynthesis of benzoxazinones in the evolution of Triticeae species.|journal=Planta|date=Sep 2003|volume=217|issue=5|pages=776–82|pmid=12734755|doi=10.1007/s00425-003-1040-5|bibcode=2003Plant.217..776N|s2cid=28300768}}</ref> In wheat the cluster is split into two parts. The wheat genes Bx1 and Bx2 are located in close proximity on chromosome 4 and wheat Bx3, Bx4 and Bx5 map to the short arm of chromosome 5; an additional Bx3 copy was detected on the long arm of chromosome 5B.<ref name=Nomura03/> Recently, additional biosynthetic clusters have been detected in other plants for other biosynthetic pathways and this organization might be common in plants.<ref name=Osbourn2010>{{cite journal|last=Osbourn|first=A|title=Gene clusters for secondary metabolic pathways: an emerging theme in plant biology.|journal=Plant Physiology|date=Oct 2010|volume=154|issue=2|pages=531–5|pmid=20921179|doi=10.1104/pp.110.161315|pmc=2949040}}</ref>

== Maize genes ==
The [[bx1 benzoxazin1|bx1]] gene encodes a protein, BX1, that forms [[indol]] from indol-3-glycerol phosphate in the [[plastid]]. It is the first step in the pathway and determines much of the natural variation in levels of [[DIMBOA]] in maize.<ref name=Butron2010>{{cite journal|last=Butrón|first=A|author2=Chen, YC |author3=Rottinghaus, GE |author4= McMullen, MD |title=Genetic variation at bx1 controls DIMBOA content in maize.|journal=Theoretical and Applied Genetics |date=Feb 2010|volume=120|issue=4|pages=721–34|pmid=19911162|doi=10.1007/s00122-009-1192-1|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/24875/1/Genetic%20Variation%20at%20bx1%20Controls%20DIMBOA%20Content%20in%20Maize.pdf|hdl=10261/24875|s2cid=33310126|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The next steps in the pathway occur in the [[endoplasmic reticulum]], also referred to as the [[microsomes]] in [[cell fractionation]] experiments, and are carried by proteins encoded by genes bx2, bx3, bx4, and bx5.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Biosynthesis]]

Benzoxazinone biosynthesis - История изменений

Admin: 1 версия импортирована

ru>Citation bot: Added bibcode. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Biochemistry | #UCB_Category 114/248