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[[File:Anaphase IF.jpg|thumb|{{center|Cell in [[anaphase]] the chromosomes having split and the [[kinetochore]] microtubules shrinking}}]]
'''Cytotaxonomy''' is the classification of organisms using comparative studies of [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] during [[meosis]].

==Description==
Cytotaxonomy is a branch of taxonomy that uses the characteristics of cellular structures to classify organisms. In cytotaxonomy, the chromosomal configuration of an organism is the most widely used parameter to infer the relationship between two organisms. The inference of species relationships is based on the assumption that closely related species share similar characteristics in their chromosomal setup (referred to as [[karyotype]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guerra|first=M.|date=2012-09-01|title=Cytotaxonomy: The end of childhood|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11263504.2012.717973|journal=Plant Biosystems |volume=146|issue=3|pages=703–710|doi=10.1080/11263504.2012.717973|s2cid=81999232 |issn=1126-3504|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guerra|first=M.|date=2008|title=Chromosome numbers in plant cytotaxonomy: concepts and implications|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/121083|journal=Cytogenetic and Genome Research|language=english|volume=120|issue=3–4|pages=339–350|doi=10.1159/000121083|issn=1424-8581|pmid=18504363|s2cid=41944235|url-access=subscription}}</ref> By analysing the similarities and differences in the chromosomes, karyotype evolution and species evolution can be reconstructed.

The number, structure, and behaviour of chromosomes is of great value in [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]], with [[chromosome number]] being the most widely used and quoted character. Chromosome numbers are usually determined at the [[metaphase]] stage during [[mitosis]]. Usually, the [[diploid]] chromosome number (2n) is referenced, unless dealing with a [[polyploid]] series in which case the base number or number of chromosomes in the genome of the original haploid is quoted. Another useful taxonomic character is the position of the [[centromere]]. [[Meiotic]] behaviour may show the [[heterozygosity]] of inversions. This may be constant for a taxon, offering further taxonomic evidence.

Often, cytological evidence is accompanied and strengthened by other analyses, including [[genomics]] and DNA-based [[Phylogenetics|phylogenies]].

Cytology has contributed to tracking the evolutionary history of many organisms, especially primates and flowering plants. As example, karyotype comparisons have largely clarified the evolution of ''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lysak|first1=Martin A.|last2=Berr|first2=Alexandre|last3=Pecinka|first3=Ales|last4=Schmidt|first4=Renate|last5=McBreen|first5=Kim|last6=Schubert|first6=Ingo|date=2006-03-28|title=Mechanisms of chromosome number reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=103|issue=13|pages=5224–5229|doi=10.1073/pnas.0510791103|issn=0027-8424|pmid=16549785|pmc=1458822|doi-access=free}}</ref> and of [[Crocus sativus|saffron crocus]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schmidt|first1=Thomas|last2=Heitkam|first2=Tony|last3=Liedtke|first3=Susan|last4=Schubert|first4=Veit|last5=Menzel|first5=Gerhard|date=2019|title=Adding color to a century-old enigma: multi-color chromosome identification unravels the autotriploid nature of saffron (Crocus sativus) as a hybrid of wild Crocus cartwrightianus cytotypes|url=https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nph.15715|journal=New Phytologist|language=en|volume=222|issue=4|pages=1965–1980|doi=10.1111/nph.15715|pmid=30690735|s2cid=59338870|issn=1469-8137|doi-access=free}}</ref> though there are many more studies that deserve highlighting.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Genetics]]

Cytotaxonomy - История изменений

Admin: 1 версия импортирована

ru>OAbot: Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.