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{{Short description|Genetic model}}
A '''diallel cross''' is a mating scheme used by [[plant breeding|plant]] and [[animal breeding|animal]] breeders, as well as [[Quantitative genetics|geneticists]], to investigate the genetic underpinnings of quantitative traits.<ref name="HF">Hallauer, A. R. and J. B. Miranda Filho. 1988 Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. 2nd ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IO.</ref><ref name=pmid6712552>{{cite journal |author=[[Wim Crusio|Crusio WE]], [[Sjeng Kerbusch|Kerbusch JM]], [[Hans van Abeelen|van Abeelen JHF]] |title=The replicated diallel cross: a generalized method of analysis |journal=[[Behavior Genetics (journal)|Behavior Genetics]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=81–104 |date=January 1984 |pmid=6712552 |doi= 10.1007/BF01066070|s2cid=26899703 }}</ref>

In a full diallel, all parents are crossed to make hybrids in all possible combinations. Variations include half diallels with and without parents, omitting reciprocal crosses.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/hdy.1965.12 | title = Analysis of variance of the half diallel table | year = 1965 | last1 = Jones | first1 = R. M. | journal = Heredity | volume = 20 | pages = 117–121 | issue=1| doi-access = free }}</ref> Full diallels require twice as many crosses and entries in experiments, but allow for testing for [[maternal effect|maternal and paternal]] effects.<ref name=reciprocal>{{cite journal |author=Crusio WE |title=A note on the analysis of reciprocal effects in diallel crosses |journal=[[Journal of Genetics]] |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=177–185 |date=December 1987 |doi= 10.1007/BF02927711|s2cid=35147905 |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/j_archive/jgenet/66/vol66contents.html |access-date=2009-08-14|url-access=subscription }}</ref> If such "reciprocal" effects are assumed to be negligible, then a half diallel without reciprocals can be effective.

Common analysis methods utilize [[general linear model]]s to identify [[heterotic group]]s,<ref>Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 463-493</ref> estimate [[general combining ability|general]] or [[specific combining ability]],<ref name="GE">Gardner, C. O. and S. A. Eberhart. 1966. Analysis and interpretation of the variety cross diallel and related populations. Biometrics 22: 439-452</ref><ref>Sprague G. F., and L. A. Tatum. 1942. General vs. specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34: 923-932</ref> interactions with testing environments and years, or estimates of additive, dominant, and epistatic genetic effects<ref>Hayman, B. I. 1954. The analysis of variance of diallel tables. Biometrics 10: 235-244</ref><ref name=pmid17247520>{{cite journal |author=Hayman BI |title=The theory and analysis of diallel crosses |journal=[[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]] |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=789–809 |date=November 1954 |doi=10.1093/genetics/39.6.789 |pmid=17247520 |pmc=1209689 |url=http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17247520 |access-date=2010-03-02}}</ref> and genetic correlations.<ref name=pmid8476392>{{cite journal |author=Crusio WE |title=Bi- and multivariate analyses of diallel crosses: a tool for the genetic dissection of neurobehavioral phenotypes |journal=[[Behavior Genetics Association|Behavior Genetics]] |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=59–67 |date=January 1993 |pmid=8476392 |doi= 10.1007/BF01067554|s2cid=37158435 }}</ref>

==Mating designs==
There are four main types of diallel mating design:
# Full diallel with parents and reciprocal F1 crosses
# Full diallel as above, but excluding parents
# Half diallel with parents, but without reciprocal crosses
# Half diallel without parents or reciprocal crosses

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Breeding]]

Diallel cross - История изменений

Admin: 1 версия импортирована

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