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{{Short description|Italian conservation genomics project}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}

'''Endemixit''' is a project that studies the effects of reduced population size in five Italian [[Endemism|endemic species]] at [[Endangered species|risk of extinction]]. The final objective is to estimate the risk of extinction from genomic data and contribute to the preservation of these species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fronte |first=Margherita |date=March 2021 |title=Io ti salverò col tuo DNA |journal=Focus |volume=441 |pages=70–73}}</ref> The project was funded by the MUR (Italian Ministry for Research) and coordinated by the Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology of the [[University of Ferrara]] with the involvement of five other Italian universities: [[Marche Polytechnic University|Ancona]], [[University of Florence|Florence]], [[University of Padua|Padua]], [[University of Rome Tor Vergata|Rome Tor Vergata]] and [[University of Trieste|Trieste]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Di Bisceglie |first=Federico |date=18 September 2020 |title=Dal rospetto ululone all'orso bruno Studio di Unife sulle specie a rischio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Redazione |last2=Redazione |date=2020-08-21 |title=Pikaia – Farfalle, orsi e altri endemismi: il progetto EndemixIT |url=https://pikaia.eu/farfalle-orsi-e-altri-endemismi/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Pikaia |language=it-IT}}</ref>

== Species under study ==
The species considered are all classified in danger or in critical danger of extinction in the [[IUCN Red List]]:

* ''[[Aeolian wall lizard|Podarcis raffonei]]'' (Aeolian wall lizard), a lizard with a current range restricted to three [[Aeolian Islands]] and subdivided into isolated and relatively distant populations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Corti |first1=Claudia |last2=Pérez-Mellado |first2=Valentin |last3=Sindaco |first3=Roberto |last4=Romano |first4=Antonio |date=14 December 2008 |title=Podarcis raffonei |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2009.rlts.t61552a12514822.en |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''[[Hipparchia sbordonii]]'' (Ponza grayling), currently only found on some [[Pontine Islands]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Wiemers, M., Katbeh-Bader, A., Power, A., Benyamini, D., Tzirkalli, E., Balletto, E., Monteiro, E., Karaçetin, E., Franeta, F., Pe'er, G., Welch, H., Thompson, K., Pamperis, L., Dapporto, L., Šašić, M., López Munguira, M., Micevski, N., Dupont, P., Garcia-Pereira, P., Moulai, R., Caruana, R., Verovnik, R., Bonelli, S. & Beshkov, S. |date=28 February 2013 |title=Hipparchia sbordonii |doi= 10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-2.rlts.t173231a64640021.en|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''[[Adriatic sturgeon|Acipenser naccarii]]'' (Adriatic sturgeon), once widespread in the Northern [[Adriatic Sea]] and in many rivers of Northern Italy, but today almost extinct in nature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bronzi, P., Congiu, L., Rossi, R., Zerunian, S. & Arlati, G. |date=24 October 2009 |title=Acipenser naccarii |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2011-1.rlts.t224a175973332.en |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''[[Apennine yellow-bellied toad|Bombina pachypus]]'' (Apennine yellow-bellied toad), an endemic and endangered species of the [[Italian Peninsula]] closely related to the most common European yellow-bellied toad (''[[Yellow-bellied toad|B. variegata]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andreone, F., Corti, C., Sindaco, R., Romano, A., Giachi, F., Vanni, S. & Delfino, G. |date=14 December 2008 |title=Bombina pachypus |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2009.rlts.t54450a11147957.en |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''[[Marsican brown bear|Ursus arctos marsicanus]]'' (Marsican, or Apennine, brown bear), a subspecies of brown bear (''[[Brown bear|U. arctos]]''), present exclusively in a small region of the central [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines Mountains]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ciucci |first1=Paolo |last2=Boitani |first2=Luigi |date=November 2008 |title=The Apennine Brown Bear: A Critical Review of Its Status and Conservation Problems |url=https://bioone.org/journals/ursus/volume-19/issue-2/07PER012.1/The-Apennine-Brown-Bear--A-Critical-Review-of-Its/10.2192/07PER012.1.full |journal=Ursus |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=130–145 |doi=10.2192/07PER012.1 |s2cid=55877575 |issn=1537-6176|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Applications and innovative aspects ==
Endemixit is a genomic project applied to the [[Conservation biology|conservation]] of [[biodiversity]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversità, la ricchezza che stiamo perdendo |url=https://www.focus.it/education/webinar/biodiversita-webinar |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Focus.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=The project |url=https://endemixit.com/the-project/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=ENDEMIXIT |language=en-GB}}</ref> Five [[reference genome]]s will be produced (one for each endemic species/subspecies), and 20 to 30 individuals per species will be re-sequenced ([[Whole genome sequencing|whole genomes]] at intermediate coverage). Population genomics analyses will be used to reconstruct past [[Population process|demographic processes]] and to estimate the [[genetic load]] possibly accumulated due to [[genetic drift]]. The results will be theoretically important to understand the genetic load dynamic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bertorelle |first1=Giorgio |last2=Raffini |first2=Francesca |last3=Bosse |first3=Mirte |last4=Bortoluzzi |first4=Chiara |last5=Iannucci |first5=Alessio |last6=Trucchi |first6=Emiliano |last7=Morales |first7=Hernán E. |last8=van Oosterhout |first8=Cock |date=August 2022 |title=Genetic load: genomic estimates and applications in non-model animals |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-022-00448-x |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |language=en |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=492–503 |doi=10.1038/s41576-022-00448-x |pmid=35136196 |hdl=1871.1/d9d2b4fc-9ae2-4c6d-b9ad-88cc12c32112 |s2cid=246678376 |issn=1471-0064|hdl-access=free }}</ref> Practically, they will provide guidelines and priorities for the conservation of these endemics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-19 |title=Ululone & C: cinque animali italiani da salvare |url=https://www.repubblica.it/venerdi/2021/11/19/news/ululone_co_cinque_animali_italiani_da_salvare-326456104/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref>

Endemixit is a partner of the European Reference Genome Atlas ([[ERGA]]), a pan-European consortium that aims to produce reference genomes of high quality for all European biodiversity to contribute to the protection of the same.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A genome atlas of european biodiversity |url=https://www.erga-biodiversity.eu/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=erga |language=en}}</ref> Endemixit is also affiliated to the Earth Biogenome Project ([[Earth BioGenome Project|EBP]]), an international project that aims to sequence the complete [[genome]] of all [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic]] living beings in 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth BioGenome Project |url=https://www.earthbiogenome.org/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Earth BioGenome Project |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
[[Category:Conservation biology]]
[[Category:Genetics]]

Endemixit - История изменений

Admin: 1 версия импортирована

ru>Josve05a: /* top */ added orphan tag