https://unilogia.su/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=GNC_hypothesisGNC hypothesis - История изменений2026-04-09T01:43:44ZИстория изменений этой страницы в викиMediaWiki 1.44.2https://unilogia.su/index.php?title=GNC_hypothesis&diff=1122&oldid=prevAdmin: 1 версия импортирована2025-11-13T18:01:45Z<p>1 версия импортирована</p>
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<p><b>Новая страница</b></p><div>{{Short description|Hypothesis about the origin of genes}}<br />
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The '''GNC hypothesis''' or '''GNC-SNS primeval genetic code hypothesis''' refers to a hypothesis about the [[Gene#Origins of new genes|origin of genes]]. It suggests the universal genetic code originated not from a three-amino acid system, but from a four-amino acid system. It is this GNC code encoding [GADV]-proteins which is the most primitive genetic code. This hypothesis was first proposed by Kenji Ikehara at Nara Women's University.<br />
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==Details==<br />
While almost all of the [[organism]]s on Earth share the universal [[genetic code]], in the GNC hypothesis it is argued that two primeval genetic codes preceded the present genetic code as follows:<br />
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* First, there emerged [[Guanine|G]]N[[Cytosine|C]] primeval genetic codes involving 4 [[Genetic code|codons]] (GGC, GCC, G[[Adenine|A]]C and G[[Uracil|U]]C), which code 4 GADV-[[amino acid]]s ([[glycine]], [[alanine]], [[aspartic acid]] and [[valine]]).<br />
* Second, GNC code evolved to SNS primeval genetic codes involving 16 codons (GGC, GGG, GCC, GCG, GAC, GAG, GUC, GUG, CUC, GUG, CCC, CCG, CAC, CAG, CGC and CGG), which code 10 amino acids (glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, valine, [[glutamic acid]], [[leucine]], [[proline]], [[histidine]], [[glutamine]], [[arginine]]).<br />
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The GNC hypothesis is based on the following facts:<br />
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* [[Protein]]s composed of GADV-amino acids coded by GNC primeval genetic code can form four fundamental structures found in proteins in present organisms, namely, [[Hydrophobe|hydrophobic]] and [[Hydrophile|hydrophilic]] structures, [[Alpha helix|α-helices]], [[Beta sheet|β-sheets]], and [[turn (biochemistry)|turn]]s (or coils).<br />
* Proteins composed of ten amino acids coded by SNS primeval genetic code can form six fundamental structures, namely, hydrophobic and hydrophilic structures, α-helices, β-sheets, turns, [[acidic]] and [[Base (chemistry)|basic]] fragments.<br />
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== Related literatures ==<br />
{{Cite journal|first1 = Kenji|last1 = Ikehara|first2 = Yoko|last2 = Omori|first3 = Rieko|last3 = Arai|first4 = Akiko|last4 = Hirose|title = A Novel Theory on the Origin of the Genetic Code: A GNC-SNS Hypothesis|year = 2002|journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution|volume = 54|issue = 4|pages = 530–538|doi = 10.1007/s00239-001-0053-6|pmid=11956691|bibcode = 2002JMolE..54..530I}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[GADV protein world]]<br />
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[[Category:Evolution]]<br />
[[Category:Genetics]]</div>ru>Tc14Hd