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{{More references|date=December 2009}}

'''Gene order''' is the permutation of [[genome]] arrangement. A fair amount of research has been done trying to determine whether [[gene]] orders evolve according to a molecular clock ([[molecular clock hypothesis]]) or in jumps ([[punctuated equilibrium]]). By comparing gene orders in dissimilar organisms, scientists are able to develop a [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogeny]] tree.<ref>{{Citation |last=Singh |first=Pradeep Kumar |title=From gene to genomics |date=2021 |work=Advances in Animal Genomics |pages=13–32 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820595-2.00002-3 |access-date=2024-04-29 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-820595-2.00002-3 |isbn=978-0-12-820595-2 |last2=Singh |first2=Pankaj |last3=Singh |first3=Rajat Pratap |last4=Singh |first4=Ram Lakhan|url-access=subscription }}</ref> When organisms have similar gene orders, meaning they have likely diverged recently, it is called [[synteny]].

Some research on gene orders in animals' mitochondrial genomes reveals that the mutation rate of gene orders is not a constant in some degrees.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Grusea|first=Simona|title=Measures for the exceptionality of gene order in conserved genomic regions|doi=10.1016/j.aam.2010.02.002|journal=Advances in Applied Mathematics|volume=45|issue=3|date=September 2010|pages=359–372|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Methods for [[Gene mapping|genome mapping]], determining the gene order, include:<ref>{{Citation |last=Saraswathy |first=Nachimuthu |title=6 - Genome mapping |date=2011-01-01 |work=Concepts and Techniques in Genomics and Proteomics |pages=77–93 |editor-last=Saraswathy |editor-first=Nachimuthu |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781907568107500067 |access-date=2024-04-29 |series=Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |doi=10.1533/9781908818058.77 |isbn=978-1-907568-10-7 |last2=Ramalingam |first2=Ponnusamy |editor2-last=Ramalingam |editor2-first=Ponnusamy|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bishop |first=Martin J. |title=5 - Comparative Mapping in Humans and Vertebrates |date=1998-01-01 |work=Guide to Human Genome Computing (Second Edition) |pages=89–111 |editor-last=Bishop |editor-first=Martin J. |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121020514500064 |access-date=2024-04-29 |place=San Diego |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-102051-4}}</ref>

* [[Radiation hybrid mapping]]
* [[Genetic linkage|Genetic linkage mapping]] (recombinant frequency)
* [[Fluorescence in situ hybridization|Fluorescent in situ hybridization]] (FISH)
* [[Restriction map|Restriction mapping]]
* [[Sequence-tagged site|Sequence-tagged site content mapping]]
* [[Southern blot|Southern hybridization]]
* [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
* [[Whole genome sequencing]] (increasingly used as the costs of sequencing decline)

All of these methods can lead to a gene sequence or a DNA sequence by which genes can be identified and compared.

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gene Orders}}
[[Category:Genetics]]

{{Genetics-stub}}

Gene orders - История изменений

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