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{{Infobox rfam
| Name = Hovlinc
| image = RF04188-rscape.svg
| caption = Consensus [[secondary structure]] and [[sequence conservation]] of Hovlinc ribozyme (hominin vlincRNA-located)
| Symbol = Hovlinc
| Rfam = RF04188
| RNA_type = [[Gene]]; [[Ribozyme]]
| Tax_domain = Hominidae
| GO = {{GO|0003824}}
| SO = {{SO|0000374}}
}}

'''Hovlinc RNA''' is a self-cleaving [[ribozyme]] of about 168 [[Nucleotide|nucleotides]] found in a very [[Long non-coding RNA|long noncoding RNA]] (vlincRNA) in humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yue|last2=Qi|first2=Fei|last3=Gao|first3=Fan|last4=Cao|first4=Huifen|last5=Xu|first5=Dongyang|last6=Salehi-Ashtiani|first6=Kourosh|last7=Kapranov|first7=Philipp|date=2021|title=Hovlinc is a recently evolved class of ribozyme found in human lncRNA|journal=Nature Chemical Biology|volume=17|issue=5|pages=601–607|doi=10.1038/s41589-021-00763-0|issn=1552-4469|pmid=33753927|s2cid=232315601}}</ref> The word "hovlinc" comes from "hominin vlincRNA-located" RNA. Hovlinc is only a fourth known case of a ribozyme in human. Self-cleavage activity of Hovlinc has been shown in human, chimpanzees and bonobos, but is absent in gorillas, raising questions about Hovlinc's biological function and [[evolution]].

There are only a few known examples of ribozymes in human,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mysteries in Human RNA|url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/mysteries-human-rna|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.science.org|language=en}}</ref> including Hovlinc, [[Mammalian CPEB3 ribozyme]], [[Hammerhead ribozyme]] (HH9 and HH10<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=de la Peña|first1=Marcos|last2=García-Robles|first2=Inmaculada|date=2010-09-01|title=Intronic hammerhead ribozymes are ultraconserved in the human genome|journal=EMBO Reports|language=en|volume=11|issue=9|pages=711–716|doi=10.1038/embor.2010.100|issn=1469-221X|pmc=2933863|pmid=20651741}}</ref>) and B2 SINE ribozyme.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hernandez|first1=Alfredo J.|last2=Zovoilis|first2=Athanasios|last3=Cifuentes-Rojas|first3=Catherine|last4=Han|first4=Lu|last5=Bujisic|first5=Bojan|last6=Lee|first6=Jeannie T.|date=2020-01-07|title=B2 and ALU retrotransposons are self-cleaving ribozymes whose activity is enhanced by EZH2|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=117|issue=1|pages=415–425|doi=10.1073/pnas.1917190117|pmc=6955291|pmid=31871160|doi-access=free |bibcode=2020PNAS..117..415H }}</ref> Presumably Hovlinc acquired its self-cleaving activity about 10 to 13 million of years ago, which coincides with the last common ancestor of humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Hovlinc presents catalytic activity in [[Hominidae|hominids]] but not in gorillas where a [[mutation]] abolished the self-cleavage activity.

Hovlinc is a very structured RNA that contains four [[Stem-loop|stem loops]] joined in a central loop, it also features large [[Pseudoknot|pseudoknots]] that help to bring together the second and fourth helices, which helps the RNA to get the more compacted structure that allows catalytic activity.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://rfam.org/family/RF04188 Hovlinc family in Rfam]

[[Category:Ribozymes]]
[[Category:Nucleotides]]
[[Category:RNA]]
[[Category:Genetics]]

Hovlinc - История изменений

Admin: 1 версия импортирована

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