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{{short description|Region of DNA with increased binding of transcription factors and nucleases}}
[[File:DNAse hypersensitive site.png|thumb|500 px | [[DNase I hypersensitive site]]s within chromatin<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 3416863 | pmid=22900019 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0042414 | volume=7 | title=Correlation between DNase I hypersensitive site distribution and gene expression in HeLa S3 cells | journal=PLOS ONE | article-number=e42414 | last1 = Wang | first1 = YM | last2 = Zhou | first2 = P | last3 = Wang | first3 = LY | last4 = Li | first4 = ZH | last5 = Zhang | first5 = YN | last6 = Zhang | first6 = YX| year=2012 | issue=8 | bibcode=2012PLoSO...742414W | doi-access=free }}</ref>]]

In [[genetics]], a '''hypersensitive site''' is a short region of [[chromatin]] and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by [[DNase I]] and other various [[nuclease]]s ([[DNase II]] and [[micrococcal nuclease]]s). In a hypersensitive site, the nucleosomal structure is less compacted, increasing the availability of the DNA to binding by proteins, such as [[transcription factor]]s and DNase I. These sites account for many inherited tendencies.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pennisi|first=Elizabeth|author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi|title=ENCODE Project Writes Eulogy for Junk DNA|journal=Science|date=7 September 2012|volume=337|issue=6099|pages=1159–1161| doi = 10.1126/science.337.6099.1159 | pmid = 22955811|bibcode=2012Sci...337.1159P}}</ref>

==Location==
Hypersensitive sites are found on every active gene, and many of these genes often have more than one hypersensitive site. Most often, hypersensitive sites are found only in chromatin of cells in which the associated gene is being expressed, and do not occur when the gene is inactive.

In DNA being transcribed, 5'hypersensitive sites appear before transcription begins, and the DNA sequences within the hypersensitive sites are required for [[gene expression]]. Note: hypersensitive sites precede active [[promoter (genetics)|promoter]]s.

Hypersensitive sites are generated as a result of the binding of [[transcription factor]]s that displace [[histone octamer]]s.

They can also be located by indirect end labelling. A fragment of DNA is cut once at the hypersensitive site with [[Deoxyribonuclease|DNase]] and at another site with a [[restriction enzyme]]. The distance from the known restriction site to the DNase cut is then measured to give the location.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]

{{biochem-stub}}

Hypersensitive site - История изменений

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